Journal: iScience
Article Title: Selective inhibition of ALDH1A3 impedes breast cancer growth and metastasis by blocking ALDH1A3-driven transcriptional programs
doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114863
Figure Lengend Snippet: CLM296 reduces ALDH1A3-mediated tumor growth and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells in NOD-SCID mice. (A) Tumor growth and weight of MDA-MB-231 vector control tumor-bearing female NOD-SCID mice treated with 0 mg/kg ( n = 9), 0.4 mg/kg CLM296 ( n = 10), or 4 mg/kg CLM296 ( n = 10), or ALDH1A3 OE tumor-bearing mice treated with 0 mg/kg ( n = 9), 0.4 mg/kg ( n = 10), or 4 mg/kg ( n = 9) CLM296. Treatment with CLM296 began once palpable tumors developed (indicated by the arrow, day 15) in the tumor volume plot, which demonstrates weekly caliper measurements. The tumor weight plot shows final tumor weight from the harvested tumors at endpoint. Tumor volume and weight significance were analyzed with two-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons post-test and p value < 0.05 = ∗, <0.01 = ∗∗, <0.001 = ∗∗∗, <0.0001 = ∗∗∗∗, ns, not significant. In the tumor volume graph, each point represents the mean of each group and error bars represent standard error of the mean (SEM). In the tumor weight graph, each point represents an individual mouse, and error bars represent SEM. (B) RNA extracted from the harvested tumors was analyzed via RT-qPCR for DHRS3 and RARβ expression. Significance was analyzed with two-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons post-test and p value < 0.05 = ∗, <0.01 = ∗∗, <0.001 = ∗∗∗, <0.0001 = ∗∗∗∗, ns, not significant. Each point represents an individual mouse and error bars represent SEM. (C) Body weights of the mice were measured weekly. Arrow indicates start of CLM296 IP injections. Each point represents the mean of each group and error bars represent SEM. (D) Serum creatinine and ALT of MDA-MB-231 vector control or ALDH1A3 OE tumor-bearing mice when treated daily with CLM296 via IP injection for 26 days. Significance was analyzed with two-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons post-test and p value < 0.05 = ∗, <0.01 = ∗∗, <0.001 = ∗∗∗, <0.0001 = ∗∗∗∗, ns, not significant. Each point represents an individual mouse and error bars represent SEM. (E) Transwell invasion assays were completed with vector control and ALDH1A3 OE MDA-MB-231 cells treated with or without 100 nM CLM296. FBS was used as a chemoattractant. Significance was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test and p value < 0.05 = ∗, <0.01 = ∗∗, <0.001 = ∗∗∗, <0.0001 = ∗∗∗∗, ns, not significant. Each point represents a separate n ( n = 6), and error bars represent SD. (F) Representative images of H&E-stained mouse lung sections from the second in vivo experiment taken from mice bearing MDA-MB-231 ALDH1A3 OE tumors treated with or without 4 mg/kg CLM296 ( n = 5 per group; 1 independent experiment). Arrows indicate metastatic lesions. (G) Quantification of MDA-MB-231 ALDH1A3 OE cells in the lung lobes of each mouse by RT-qPCR using human specific GAPDH primers. The horizontal line represents the limit of detection in the assay at 10 MDA-MB-231 per mouse lung lobe. Significance was analyzed with a one-way unpaired t test, and p value < 0.05 = ∗. Each point represents an individual mouse ( n = 9), and error bars represent SEM.
Article Snippet: Six to 12-week-old female non-obese diabetic severe combined immunodeficient (NOD-SCID) female mice (Charles River Laboratories, Senneville, QC) were used for all in vivo experiments.
Techniques: Plasmid Preparation, Control, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Injection, Staining, In Vivo